TOEFL Essentials

Design Framework for the TOEFL® Essentials™ Test 2021

Describes the theoretical and empirical underpinnings of the design, scoring, and administration of the TOEFL Essentials test.

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The effectiveness of the TOEFL® Essentials™ test for distinguishing English proficiency levels

Investigates the relationship of TOEFL Essentials test scores to course placements and teacher judgements in university English language programs in Canada and the United States.

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Balancing construct coverage and efficiency

Describes the principles of test administration efficiency and score meaningfulness that underpin the design of the test.

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The Impact of Using Synthetically Generated Listening Stimuli on Test-Taker Performance: A Case Study with Multiple-Choice, Single-Selection Items

Investigates the impact on test-taker performance of using synthetically generated speech as stimuli for English L2 listening assessment items.

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Mapping TOEFL® Essentials™ Test Scores to the Canadian Language Benchmarks

Describes the process by which TOEFL® Essentials™ test scores were mapped to the Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB), including a content analysis and standard setting study.

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Developing an Innovative Elicited Imitation Task for Efficient English Proficiency Assessment

Describes the design considerations and research that informed the development of the elicited imitation task that appears in the speaking section (Listen & Repeat).

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Mapping TOEFL® Essentials™ speaking and writing scores to the CEFR levels

Describes the mapping of the speaking and writing scores of the TOEFL® Essentials™ test to the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) levels, including a content analysis and standard setting study.

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