TOEFL iBT Updates 2026

TOEFL iBT® Technical Manual

Describes the theoretical and empirical underpinnings of the design, scoring, and administration of the updated TOEFL iBT (2026).

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A Comparison of Two TOEFL® Writing Tasks

Provides initial support for using the Write for Academic Discussion task to support interpretations about English writing ability.

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Psychometric approaches to analyzing C-tests

Addresses psychometric issues in the development of the C-test task type that appears in the test (Complete the Words).

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Balancing construct coverage and efficiency

Describes the principles of test administration efficiency and score meaningfulness that underpin the design of the test.

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The Impact of Using Synthetically Generated Listening Stimuli on Test-Taker Performance: A Case Study with Multiple-Choice, Single-Selection Items

Investigates the impact on test-taker performance of using synthetically generated speech as stimuli for English L2 listening assessment items.

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Developing an Innovative Elicited Imitation Task for Efficient English Proficiency Assessment

Describes the design considerations and research that informed the development of the elicited imitation task that appears in the speaking section (Listen & Repeat).

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